CWNA : Attend this Certified Wireless Network Administrator Practice Tests & you’ll get above 90% Score on Main Exam
You will be tested against these topics:
Radio Frequency Technologies
Basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves
RF propagation and coverage
Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering
Multipath and RF interference
Gain and loss
Amplification
Attenuation
Absorption
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Return Loss
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement
Watt and milliwatt
Decibel (dB)
dBm and dBi
Noise floor
SNR
RSSI
dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)
Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas.
RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance
Beamwidths
Passive gain
Polarization
Antenna diversity types
Radio chains
Spatial multiplexing (SM)
Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)
Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
MIMO
Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories
Omni-directional antennas
Semi-directional antennas
Highly directional antennas
Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types
Antenna orientation
RF cables and connectors
Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires
WLAN Regulations and Standards – 20%
Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations
IEEE
Wi-Fi Alliance
IETF
Regulatory domains and agencies
DSSS – 802.11
HR-DSSS – 802.11b
OFDM – 802.11a
ERP – 802.11g
Wi-Fi 4 – HT – 802.11n
Wi-Fi 5 – VHT – 802.11ac
Wi-Fi 6 – HE – 802.11ax
Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)
DSSS
OFDM
OFDMA and Resource Units
BPSK
QPSK
QAM (16, 64, 256,1024)
Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts
Primary channels
Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels
Throughput vs. data rate
Bandwidth
Guard Interval
Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments
Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically
Frequency bands used by the 802.11 PHYs
Available channels
Regulatory power constraints
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
Transmit Power Control (TPC)
Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks
Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS
Wireless bridging
Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
Wireless Mesh
WLAN Protocols and Devices – 20%
describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set
Stations (STAs)
Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode)
SSID
BSSID
Extended Service Set (ESS)
IBSS (Ad-Hoc)
Distribution System (DS)
Distribution System Media (DSM)
Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY
MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU
A-MSDU and A-MPDU
PHY preamble and header
Identify and explain the MAC frame format
MAC frame format
MAC addressing
Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types
Management
Control
Data
Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN
Scanning (active and passive)
Authentication
Association
Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication
Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks
BSS selection
Connecting to hidden SSIDs
Explain 802.11 channel access methods
DCF
EDCA
RTS/CTS
CTS-to-Self
NAV
Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS)
Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense
Hidden node
Explain 802.11 MAC operations
Roaming
Power save modes and frame buffering
Protection mechanisms
Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management
Access Points (APs)
WLAN controllers
Wireless network management systems
Wireless bridge and mesh APs
Client devices
WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts– 15%
Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
Power Source Equipment
Powered Device
Midspan and endpoint PSEs
Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD
Power budgets and powered port density
Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wirelesS
Centralized data forwarding
Distributed data forwarding
Control, Management and Data planes
Scalability and availability solutions
Tunneling, QoS and VLANs
Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as
coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security
Design considerations for data
Design considerations for voice
Design considerations for video
Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location
Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones)
Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments
Design considerations for guest access/BYOD
Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices
Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks.
AirTime Fairness
Band steering
Dynamic power and channel management features
Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network
DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery
DNS for address resolution for clients and APs
Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP)
VLANs for segmentation
Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP)
Access Control Lists for segmentation
Wired network capacity requirements
WLAN Network Security – 10%
Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs
WEP
Shared Key authentication
SSID hiding as a security mechanism
MAC filtering
Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP)
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs
Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity
WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use
WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X
Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and
enhancements compared to WPA2
Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2
Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3
(e.g. CCMP, GCMP, AES)
Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for
legacy pre-shared key technology
Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public
and guest networks
Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks
Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD)
Protected management frames
Fast Secure Roaming methods
Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection
Protocol and spectrum analyzers
Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management
HTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
RF Validation – 10%
Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput,
roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey
Locate and identify sources of RF interference
Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs.
interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC),
overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity
Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the
investigation of airtime and frequency utilization
Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference
source or change of wireless channel usage
Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance
Network and service availability
VoIP testing
Real-time application testing
Throughput testing
Understand and use the basic features of validation tools
Use of throughput testers for validation tasks
Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless
scanners)
Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks
Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks
WLAN Troubleshooting – 10%
Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs
Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks
Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference
Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks
Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks
Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues
Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems
including LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget,
and insufficient Internet or WAN bandwidth
Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers
Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime
utilization statistics
Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP,
DNS, and time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration
tools (e.g. pings, DNS lookups, interface configuration)
Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Practice Exams
CWNA : Attend this Certified Wireless Network Administrator Practice Tests & you’ll get above 90% Score on Main Exam”
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